Lactic Acid/ Salicylic Acid

Lactic acid and salicylic acid are pivotal in dermatology and renowned for their transformative effects on skin health. Lactic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), excels in exfoliation and hydration, while salicylic acid, a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA), is celebrated for its ability to unclog pores and reduce acne.

Historically, these acids have been used in skincare treatments for centuries. From ancient Egyptian milk baths rich in lactic acid to modern acne therapies leveraging salicylic acid, their contributions are profound and enduring.

Their key differences lie in their solubility and function: lactic acid is water-soluble and primarily hydrates, while salicylic acid is oil-soluble and penetrates deeper into oily layers of the skin.

Containing a hydroxyl group next to a carboxyl acid component gives acid its properties as an exfoliant and moisturizer.

Salicylic acid is well suited for breaking down skin debris and sebum due to its ring and hydroxyl group configuration.

Gently exfoliating skin cells with acid unveils softer skin below and boosts hydration for those with dry or mature skin concerns.

Salicylic acid goes into the pores to break down keratin plugs and unclog them effectively, which helps in reducing inflammation and preventing acne formation.

During the absence of oxygen, in bacteria and animal cells, like muscle and red blood cells, lactic acid fermentation takes place, creating both energy known as ATP and lactic acid via a metabolic process.

The chemical structures of lactate and acid are quite similar. The key distinction lies in the presence of an additional hydrogen atom in lactic acid that is absent in lactate.

The gentle lactic acid comes from milk and is ideal for those with skin due to its mild nature; on the other hand, the potent glycolic acid sourced from sugar cane goes deeper into the skin and is preferred for treating acne effectively. Lactic acid is often suggested for individuals with sensitive skin types, whereas glycolic acid is better suited for oily skin.

Both glycolic acid and salicylic acid are ingredients in skincare products known for their skin exfoliation and acne-fighting properties. The key distinction lies in their suitability for skin types; glycolic acid is preferred for dry skin types, whereas salicylic acid is more effective for oily or acne-prone skin.

Salicylic acid functions by removing skin cells and excess oil from the skin to unclog pores effectively It is particularly effective in treating blackheads and whiteheads while also aiding in the prevention of future breakouts. Benzoyl peroxide operates by combating acne causing bacteria present on the skin It is most suitable for targeting red and inflamed acne as well as whiteheads and is Often recommended as an initial treatment, for mild to moderate acne conditions

Niacinamide is added to your skincare regimen since it offers distinct advantages for your skin and is typically safe to use together. Just keep in mind that if you have skin type it's crucial to handle them with care and be observant of any signs of irritation that may occur.

Before you apply retinoids to your skin, using lactic acid can be beneficial as it helps in exfoliating and removing skin cells on the surface, allowing the retinoids to penetrate better and be more effective.

Formulating lactic acid and vitamin C together enhances the effectiveness and absorption of vitamin C significantly—a combination for individuals with sun-damaged skin or persistent dark spots and pigmentation issues.

Both acids play a role in treating acne; lactic acid helps renew skin cells, and salicylic acid works to minimize comedones and blemishes.

Lactic acid lightens dark spots and evens skin tone by accelerating skin renewal. It's particularly effective for sunspots and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Using acid helps to soften keratin deposits and lessen roughness typically linked with keratosis pilaris condition while salicycic acid aids, in smoothing skin by clearing buildup in hair follicles.

Applying chemical peels containing these acids helps eliminate damaged layers of skin to reveal a youthful look.

The hydrating properties of lactic acid help speed up the healing process in wounds by ensuring the area stays moisturized and supporting tissue recovery.

Salicylic acid makes warts softer and removes them when combined with bandages that cover the area securely.

Salicylic acid acts as a remedy for scalp issues such as dandruff and skin conditions, like eczemac dermatitis and psoriasis.

Salicylic acid acts as a beta acid that helps pores by removing dead skin cells and reducing inflammation to aid in the healing of razor bumps.

Using acid can assist in eliminating residue from products, like oils and sweat, that accumulate on your scalp and hair.

In products, lactic acid is usually found in concentrations ranging from 7 to 11%, while salicylic acid is commonly present, in treatments at levels, between 1 and 1·8%.

Professional chemical peels may use acid concentrations ranging from 30% to 50% and salicylic acid concentrations, between 20% and 30%. It is advised to seek expert supervision during the process.

It's best not to use it more than twice a day to avoid irritation, and remember to apply the products after washing your face.

Testing a patch is important for the skin. It's best to begin with lower concentrations and then slowly increase them as your skin can handle it.

Remember to keep the items in a dark area to avoid them from spoiling or losing their effectiveness due to exposure to sunlight.

Most formulations typically retain their effectiveness, for a period of 12 to 24 months when stored appropriately.

Remember to use hands or applicators when handling the product to avoid introducing any bacteria into it.

• Skin redness
• Mild irritation

• Dryness
• Flaking

Be alert for reactions such as swelling or ongoing irritation and stop using the product if any symptoms worsen to seek advice from a dermatologist.

It's best to steer when dealing with eczema or if the skin's natural barriers are damaged.

Not recommended for those with allergies to salicylates or severe dry skin issues.

Watch out for redness and blisters or if you're having trouble breathing. These could be signs of a bad reaction.

Measuring the level of acid in the blood through a blood test is a way to detect a condition known as lactic acidosis, where there is an excessive buildup of this acid in the bloodstream, which can pose serious risks to health, including heart issues and organ failure, if not addressed promptly.

Using retinoids or strong acids together can lead to irritation. It's best to separate their application by a few hours.

It's advisable to seek advice from a doctor when using medications to prevent excessive exfoliation.

Remember to apply a non-comedogenic moisturizer and a broad spectrum sunscreen to safeguard your skin barrier.

People with sensitive skin need strategies when using lactic acid or salicylic acid since these active ingredients can lead to irritation if not used correctly. It is recommended to begin with lower concentration products and slowly increase how often you apply them to avoid any issues. Doing a patch test before fully applying the product can help identify any possible negative reactions.

Salicylic acid is typically deemed safe for use during breastfeeding as it's not expected to be absorbed or show up in breast milk; nonetheless, it is advisable to refrain from using it on areas of the body that could come into contact with the baby's skin.

Those with conditions such as rosacea, eczema, or psoriasis should exercise caution. Consult a dermatologist before incorporating these acids into their regimen. The acids may exacerbate inflammation, especially if the skin barrier is already compromised.

Regularly monitoring the condition of your skin is important for prolonged use of the product as it can result in skin thinning or increased dryness. If used check-ups, with a dermatologist every few months can help maintain safe and beneficial results.

As skin ages it often becomes thinner and more fragile in nature. For individuals it is advised to use amounts of lactic acid or salicylic acid. To prevent dryness when using these acids it is important to use hydrating products alongside them.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers should consult healthcare providers before using these acids. Current research suggests that low concentrations, particularly of lactic acid, are generally safe. However, high-concentration chemical peels or frequent applications are not advised during pregnancy.

Salicylic acid is commonly employed to treat children's ailments such as warts. It should only be applied in areas under medical guidance. Lactic acid can be utilized cautiously for particular skin issues, like keratoses pilaris by choosing formulations.

Using much of these acids may result in redness, peeling, or a sensation of burning on the skin. In instances excessive use of acid may cause salicylism, which is characterized by feelings of nausea, dizziness or a ringing sensation, in the ears.

Immediate medical attention is necessary if you ingest these acids orally; rinse your mouth thoroughly and do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a healthcare provider. In case of skin damage, from exposure to the acids, wash the area with water and apply a calming emollient. If symptoms persist despite these measures,seek guidance promptly.

Both lactic acid and salicylic acid increase photosensitivity. Sunscreen with broad-spectrum protection and SPF 30 or higher is essential after application to prevent UV-induced damage.

Make sure to rinse your skin after using products that contain acid to prevent irritation – this step becomes particularly important, with wash-off items such as cleansers and masks.

Before trying a product, on your skin in larger areas like behind the ear or on the forearm, it can help you avoid potential allergic reactions or irritation by doing a small patch test first.

For high-quality chemical peels to be effective and safe to use gloves and apply them without overlapping layers to prevent overexposure.

Make sure to follow the waste management rules in your area when getting rid of items that have passed their expiration date, and refrain from pouring liquids into the drain to protect the environment.

Both lactic acid and salicylic acid provide advantages such as exfoliation and moisturization along with treating acne and managing pigmentation issues in skincare routines. A reason why they are commonly used in both cosmetic products.

Monitoring skin care is crucial to guarantee the efficient use of these products, allowing experts to suggest suitable strengths and compositions customized for each person's requirements.

Following guidelines for patch testing. Using skincare acids as recommended can help reduce risks and improve outcomes for maintaining healthy and glowing skin.